Fodder Budget – Planning for winter 2022
As feed prices are anticipated to remain strong next winter, it’s very important that farmers calculate the silage stock in their farmyards. Advisor Eddie Webb gives advice and guidance on the completion of a fodder budget as the best way to forward plan
Completing a fodder budget will highlight your position as regards the amount of fodder you have so that you have enough for the stock that you intend to carry over the winter period. In previous years farmers have budgeted for a 140 day winter which does not allow for an early winter or late spring. There has been recent bad winters, Eddie advises farmers to budget for a 150 day winter to allow for a buffer in the event that the winter period is extended.
How much silage do you need?
The first exercise that a farmer should carry out in a fodder budget is to determine the amount of silage required on the farm. Complete the table below to highlight the current fodder requirement on the farm. You can also use our online grass silage stock checker
| Animal Type | A Number of stock to be kept over winter | B Number of months | C Pit silage needed/animal/month | Total tonnes of silage needed |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dairy cows | 1.6 | |||
| Suckler cows | 1.4 | |||
| 0-1 year old | 0.7 | |||
| 1-2 year old | 1.3 | |||
| 2+ year old | 1.3 | |||
| Ewes | 0.15 | |||
| Total tonnes needed | ||||
| or | ||||
| Total bales needed - tonnes multiplied by 1.1 |
||||
So if a farmer had 40 suckler cows, 40 1-2 years and 40 weanlings in his herd, the requirement on his farm would be:
40 cows x 1.4 tonnes/month x 5 = 280 tonnes
40 1-2 years old x 1.3 tonnes/month x 5 = 260 tonnes
40 0-1 year old x 0.7 tonnes/month x 5 = 140 tonnes
Therefore the total silage requirement on the farm is 680 tonnes.
How much silage is in the yard?
The next exercise is to determine how much silage is in the yard and the below table will make this position clear
| Farms with pit and bale silage | A | Pit silage* | |
|---|---|---|---|
| B | Bales in the yard | ||
| C | Bales, converted to equivalent of pit silage - multiply B by 0.9 | ||
| D | Total silage A + C | ||
| Farms with bale silage only | E | Total bales |
*Pit silage - (length x breath x settled height) metres divide by 1.35 for tonnes equivalent
If the silage in the silo is 28 metres long x 10 metres wide and 2.7 metres deep, this equates to 756 metres cube of silage. This equates to 560 tonnes of silage (756/1.35). Similarly if the farmer had 550 bales of silage in the yard, this would equate to 495 tonnes (450 x 0.9=405 tonnes).
Reassess if necessary
The fodder situation may need to be re-evaluated on the farm in the event of an early winter. When animals are housed early, your requirement for silage will have increased accordingly. Where a fodder deficit is identified, it is imperative to act early to avoid a situation where silage stocks run out completely on the farms. The option for reducing demand on the farms include;
- Sell off cull cows/empty cows.
- Sell store cattle
- Put finishing cattle on meals and minimal silage
The alternative feed options include:
- Buying silage – pit/bales
- Buying ration to fill the gap
- Buying alternative forages such as maize silage; whole crop cereal silage or fodder beet.
If there is a silage deficit and this deficit is being met by ration supplementation, it’s important that there is sufficient head room for all the animals to feed at the same time. Two feet of head space is required for suckler cows whilst one and half is advised for weanlings or drystock.
There are more elaborate computer programs to help famers to carry out a fodder budget. These programmes take into account various factors including days of concentrate supplementation and dry matter of the silage. I would encourage all farmers to get in touch with their Agriculture Advisor to carry out a fodder budget in order to avoid any silage deficits and plan remedial actions to counteract same.
Along with Teagasc specialists and researchers, Teagasc advisors also regularly provide articles of interest on Teagasc Daily. Contact your Teagasc advisor at your local Teagasc office for help with fodder budgeting.